Uses: Fruits eaten as an anthelmintic and for indigestion. Root is an expectorant, used in Ayurvedic medicine for a cough, asthma and chest pain. Also used for flatulence, sore throat, and toothache. It cures asthma, cough, bronchospasm, sore throat, constipation, an effective expectorant, and diuretic. Bhavamisra, an ancient physician, mentions it as promoting conception in females. Given with honey, Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), datura (Datura metal), and black pepper it can be effective in cases of bronchial asthma. Stem, flowers, and fruits are bitter and carminative and are prescribed for relief in burning sensation in the feet. Leaves are applied locally to relieve pain.