Uses: The roots and stem barks are expectorant, demulcent, astringent, constipating, lactifuge and antiglactagogue. They are useful in colic, scabies, biliousness, thoracic empyema, gastric problems, diabetes, diarrhea, and dysentery. Fruits are acrid, astringent, refrigerant, demulcent, stomachic, vermifuge, and hemostatic. They are useful in ophthalmic, flatulence, diarrhea, dysentery, wounds, ulcers, hemorrhages and diabetes. The powdered seeds are used to cure ulcers in ears, dysentery, and stomachache. It has Insulin-sensitizing and hypolipidemic property and has the potential for use in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Root juice is used in antidiarrhoeal and antidysenteric formulations.